AI Act Article 10: Obligations, Deadlines & Penalties

All obligations under Article 10

Obligation 1

High-risk AI systems using training techniques must be developed based on training, validation, and testing data sets that meet the quality criteria specified in paragraphs 2 to 5. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Article 10, Article 10

Obligated entity

provider

Action required

develop

Deadline

—

Penalty

—

Obligation 2

Training, validation, and testing data sets must be subject to data governance and management practices appropriate for the intended purpose, covering design choices, data collection, preparation, assumptions, availability assessment, bias examination, bias mitigation, and gap identification. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Article 10, Article 10

Obligated entity

provider

Action required

govern

Deadline

—

Penalty

—

Obligation 3

Training, validation, and testing data sets must be relevant, sufficiently representative, free of errors, and complete to the best extent possible, with appropriate statistical properties regarding the persons or groups the system is intended for. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Article 10, Article 10

Obligated entity

provider

Action required

ensure

Deadline

—

Penalty

—

Obligation 4

Data sets must take into account characteristics particular to the specific geographical, contextual, behavioural, or functional setting within which the high-risk AI system is intended to be used. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Article 10, Article 10

Obligated entity

provider

Action required

consider

Deadline

—

Penalty

—

Obligation 5

Providers may exceptionally process special categories of personal data for bias detection and correction only if strictly necessary, subject to conditions including inability to use other data, technical limitations on re-use, security measures, no transmission to other parties, deletion after correction, and documentation of necessity. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Article 10, Article 10

Obligated entity

provider

Action required

process

Deadline

—

Penalty

—

Obligation 6

For high-risk AI systems not using training techniques, the data governance and quality requirements of paragraphs 2 to 5 apply only to the testing data sets. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Article 10, Article 10

Obligated entity

provider

Action required

comply

Deadline

—

Penalty

—

EU AI Act compliance deadlines

• 2025-02-02 Article 4 AI literacy in_force
• 2025-02-02 Article 5 prohibitions (unacceptable risk) in_force
• 2025-08-02 GPAI model obligations (Articles 51 to 56) in_force
• 2026-08-02 Article 50(2) machine-readable marking (watermarking) of AI-generated content provisionally_amended
• 2026-08-02 Article 50 transparency obligations OTHER than the 50(2) marking grace (for example disclosure that a user is interacting with an AI system) scheduled
• 2026-08-02 Annex III stand-alone high-risk obligations provisionally_amended
• 2026-08-02 National AI regulatory sandboxes (establishment deadline) provisionally_amended
• 2026-12-02 NEW Article 5 prohibition: AI generation of non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII) and CSAM provisionally_amended
• 2027-08-02 Annex I embedded (regulated-product) high-risk obligations provisionally_amended

Questions about Article 10

Who must comply with Article 10 of the AI Act? +

provider.

What does Article 10 of the AI Act require? +

develop govern ensure